What is a Cold Wallet?

A cold wallet (or cold storage) is a cryptocurrency wallet that operates offline, disconnected from the internet. This isolation protects your crypto from online threats like hackers, malware, and phishing attacks.

Types of Cold Wallets

Hardware Wallets

Physical devices that store private keys offline:

  • Ledger Nano X/S - Popular USB devices
  • Trezor - Original hardware wallet
  • Coldcard - Bitcoin-focused

Paper Wallets

Physical printouts of:

  • Public address
  • Private key (often as QR code)
  • Created offline for security

Air-Gapped Computers

Dedicated computers that:

  • Never connect to internet
  • Used only for signing transactions
  • Maximum security setup

Cold vs Hot Wallets

FeatureCold WalletHot Wallet
InternetDisconnectedConnected
SecurityHighestLower
ConvenienceLessMore
Best forLong-term storageActive trading

Why Use Cold Storage?

Security Benefits

  • Immune to online hacks - No internet exposure
  • Protection from malware - Can’t be infected
  • Safe from exchange failures - You control keys

When to Use Cold Storage

  • Large cryptocurrency holdings
  • Long-term investments (HODLing)
  • Savings you don’t need quick access to
  • Any amount you can’t afford to lose

Best Practices

  1. Buy hardware wallets directly from manufacturers
  2. Never share your seed phrase
  3. Store backups in multiple secure locations
  4. Test small amounts before large transfers
  5. Keep firmware updated on hardware wallets

Exchange Cold Storage

Major exchanges like Binance and Kraken keep the majority of customer funds in cold storage, typically 95%+ of assets.