What is Web3?

Web3 is the concept of a decentralized internet where users have ownership and control over their data, identity, and digital assets through blockchain technology. It envisions an internet free from corporate gatekeepers.

Evolution of the Web

Web1 (1990s-2000s)

  • Static web pages
  • Read-only content
  • Simple HTML sites
  • Information consumption

Web2 (2000s-Present)

  • Interactive platforms
  • User-generated content
  • Social media dominance
  • Centralized platforms (Facebook, Google)
  • Users are the product

Web3 (Emerging)

  • Decentralized protocols
  • User ownership
  • Token-based economics
  • Trustless interactions
  • Censorship resistance

Web3 Core Principles

Decentralization

  • No central authority
  • Distributed networks
  • Peer-to-peer architecture
  • Resistant to censorship

Ownership

  • Users own their data
  • Digital asset ownership (NFTs)
  • Self-sovereign identity
  • Portable reputation

Trustless

  • Code is law (smart contracts)
  • No intermediaries needed
  • Transparent rules
  • Verifiable on-chain

Permissionless

  • Anyone can participate
  • No gatekeepers
  • Open access
  • Global by default

Web3 Technologies

Blockchain

  • Foundation of Web3
  • Ethereum, Solana, etc.
  • Immutable records
  • Distributed consensus

Smart Contracts

  • Self-executing code
  • Powers DeFi, NFTs, DAOs
  • Trustless automation

Tokens

  • Native digital assets
  • Fungible and non-fungible
  • Governance rights
  • Utility and value

Wallets

  • Access to Web3
  • Own your identity
  • MetaMask, hardware wallets
  • Control your assets

Web3 Applications

DeFi (Decentralized Finance)

  • Lending/borrowing
  • Trading (DEXs)
  • Yield farming
  • No banks needed

NFTs (Digital Ownership)

  • Art and collectibles
  • Gaming assets
  • Membership passes
  • Creator royalties

DAOs (Organizations)

  • Decentralized governance
  • Community-owned
  • Token voting
  • Treasury management

Social (Emerging)

  • Decentralized social networks
  • User-owned data
  • Portable followers
  • Censorship resistance

Web2 vs Web3

AspectWeb2Web3
Data ownershipPlatformUser
IdentityEmail/passwordWallet
PaymentsCredit cardsCrypto
TrustCompany reputationCode/blockchain
MonetizationAdsTokens/direct

Getting Started with Web3

Basic Steps

  1. Get a wallet (MetaMask, etc.)
  2. Buy crypto on Coinbase or Binance
  3. Transfer to wallet
  4. Connect to dApps
  5. Explore DeFi, NFTs, etc.

Learning Path

  • Understand wallets and keys
  • Learn about Ethereum
  • Try a simple swap on DEX
  • Explore NFT marketplaces
  • Join a DAO

Web3 Challenges

User Experience

  • Complex for beginners
  • Easy to make mistakes
  • Gas fees confusing
  • Long way from mainstream

Scalability

  • Blockchain limitations
  • High fees during congestion
  • Layer 2 solutions emerging

Security

  • Smart contract risks
  • Scams and phishing
  • Irreversible transactions
  • Key management burden

Regulation

  • Unclear legal status
  • Varying by jurisdiction
  • Evolving landscape

Web3 Criticism

”Not Actually Decentralized”

  • VC funding dominates
  • Infrastructure centralized
  • Power concentrations exist

Speculation Focus

  • More trading than building
  • Get-rich-quick schemes
  • Unclear real-world utility

Complexity

  • Too hard for average users
  • Technical barriers
  • UX needs improvement

The Future of Web3

Optimistic View

  • Internet freedom
  • Creator ownership
  • Financial inclusion
  • Censorship resistance

Realistic View

  • Hybrid Web2/Web3
  • Gradual adoption
  • Improved UX needed
  • Regulatory clarity needed
  • Account abstraction
  • Better UX
  • Real-world assets
  • Enterprise adoption